Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling
Construction and Demolition waste, or C&D Waste, is generated by the construction, repair, re-modelling, and demolition of any civil structure of an individual, authority or organisation. Other than new construction, renovation or repair of buildings, demolition of an existing building/structure is the leading cause of waste generation in the construction industry. In India, private contractors are essential in Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling. The rules related to the disposal of construction waste require that the waste generators dispose off such wastes only at Construction and Demolition Waste Disposal Facilities, and the waste generators have to bear the cost. Popular business around construction waste can be in the trade of salvaged and reusable construction materials, providing soil and concrete debris to construction sites, and recycling other materials like plastic waste, electrical wirings, used bricks, iron bars, and metal scrap materials to local vendors and processors. Recycling or construction waste is usually done away from the job site. The Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules 2016 apply to the Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling. A construction site can't operate without producing waste, but limiting the amount that ends up in a landfill is possible. All construction companies are legally required to reduce, reuse and recycle before disposal. The stakeholders in the Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling are:
- Urban Local Body (ULB) representatives
- Builders/Building Contractors
- Demolition Contractors
- Entrepreneurs/Contractors involved in demolition waste handling/ processing
- Construction raw material manufacturers
- Building Material manufacturers
Scope of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling Plant
According to official estimates of the Building Material Promotion Council (BMPTC), India generates 150 million tonnes of C&D waste annually, while some unofficial estimates put the number at three to five times more. The C&D waste which is to be processed is collected from various construction sites. This waste mainly consists of broken bricks, concrete rubble in variable sizes, and other materials, including silt, stone rubble, and ceramics. Every component of the waste has different values, which is the main profit source in the construction waste recycling business. The respective State governments also take many initiatives to ensure adherence to regulations to manage and recycle construction waste. Some of the examples of such businesses involving the management of construction waste are as follows.
Functionality of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling Plant
Inert materials such as bricks, concrete, soil, stones etc., can be crushed to make aggregate material such as concrete or asphalt. Aggregates of specific sieve sizes must be crushed in crushing units like crushing stones. Apart from some specific hazardous waste, like asbestos, most of this waste is non-hazardous. In this type of business, stone crushing machines are used for crushing RCC waste since the process remains the same for rocks or concrete blocks. Many private firms and businesses work jointly with the Municipal Corporation in the city. Such businesses collect C&D waste from designated points and sites across the cities and towns. The waste can also be ordered directly from construction waste generators. The processed junk is used to manufacture secondary raw materials like Paver blocks, Kerb stones and other pre-cast structures.
Recycling of metal and plastic Waste from C&D Waste
The waste consists of metal waste like iron bars, water-pipe fitting, aluminium and steel scrap from staircase railings, etc. These items can fetch decent value as metal scrap after sorting, cleaning and aligning them. Usable metal items can be recycled directly in new construction, too. Many metal waste can be recycled, reused, and brought back to construction to substitute naturally sourced material. Plastic waste also forms a significant component of C&D waste. Used plastic pipes, switches, water tanks, and plastic fitting in wiring can be sold to plastic waste processing facilities after sorting.
Collection and transport of C&D waste
Collecting C&D waste and transporting it to waste disposal sites or transferring it to sites where it can be utilised is a profitable business with less investment. The responsibility of transporting waste to the site is usually given to waste generators. But in some cases, the ULB performs this function too. For instance, the responsibility of transporting waste in Delhi lies with the waste generator, while in some cases, the ULB provides an on-call facility to pick up the waste. In any case, the generator must deliver C&D waste at its own expense to the designated collection points. Private and informal transporters can work to transport this waste to collection points.
Requirement of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling
The objectives for Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling include the following:
- Enhancing the recycling of construction, demolition, and excavation waste to its fullest potential.
- Generating high-quality, valuable recycled sand and aggregates that can replace natural materials in various construction applications, including concrete and asphalt production.
- Meeting the rising demand for sand and aggregates through sustainable sourcing.
- Safeguarding the supply of sand and aggregates, particularly in regions where natural reserves are depleting.
- Minimising transportation expenses for sand and aggregates, as recycled materials are often produced nearer to urban hubs.
Implementing a washing plant for your C&D waste is vital to achieving these goals. This step will optimise material recovery and significantly reduce the presence of contaminants. This, in turn, expands the potential applications for your recycled sand and aggregate products and enhances the overall sustainability of the process.
Legal Requirements to Start Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling
The Construction waste generated must be disposed of as per the C&D Waste Management Rules, 2016. C&D Waste Management Rules of 2016 also lays down the Standard Operating Procedure for setting up a Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling plant. For instance, a construction Waste crushing business will need a Pollution NOC from SPCB under the Red Category. Authorisation under Solid Waste Management Rules will be required in the case. Permission and tender to handle waste from Urban Local Bodies will also be needed. The Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) recognises Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as an essential tool for managing construction waste. A construction waste management facility must adhere to pollution control norms set up by the SPCB and obtain proper authorisation under all applicable rules on their mode of business from the respective SPCB. All these legalities can be confusing and time-consuming and, in many cases, can result in companies losing the opportunity to get the required permissions and tenders at the correct time. Assistance from experts can, however, make this whole process hassle-free and swift.
Documents required for Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling
The documents required for Construction Waste Recycling Business are as follows:
- GST Certificate
- PAN Card of the Authorized Signatory
- Layout plan
- Process flow chart
- Details of the machinery installed
- Proof of ownership of site or rent/lease agreement
- Factory license/trade license
Steps involved in Registering C&D Waste Management Facility
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Documentation and Application Fee The applicant who wants to start a C&D waste Recycling Business must apply in form 1 of C&D Rules, 2016, with a required document to the concerned SPCB/PCC. |
Document Scrutiny Documents will be scrutinised by the Member Secretary to assess the proposed site's capacity and disposal capacity. A site inspection will also be carried out after the authority is satisfied with the declarations made by the applicant. |
Issuance of authorisation The concerned State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee will grant authorisation to the C&D waste Management Facility in Form III as specified under the rules after successful scrutiny and site inspection.
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Demand and Market Analysis of Construction Waste Recycling Business
India is seeing a rapid growth of infrastructure, which is not limited to just cities. The government and private developers have construction projects in line for the foreseeable future. Though the C&D waste management Rules came in 2016, there is a shortage of waste management facilities specialising in construction and demolition waste disposal. As per official data, the recycling capacity for C&D waste in India is a meagre 6,500 tonnes per day (TPD) -- just about 1 per cent of the entire waste generated. New Road projects, housing projects and other developmental projects are coming up in every corner of the country, and therefore, authorised construction waste recycling businesses are in huge demand presently.
How will Enterclimate Assist You?
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All Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling solutions under one roof Enterclimate can assist you in obtaining C&D Waste Management Authorisation from your concerned SPCB. Assistance in tender application to ULB to manage the construction waste is also provided. |
Solutions specific to your requirements Choose Enterclimate for an all-inclusive and hassle-free experience for all required legalities for starting a Construction Waste Recycling Business. The packages are designed to to meet the client’s needs and are budget-friendly, too. |
Precise and Prompt Assistance Our team comprises environment and legal experts with years of experience in their related fields. We ensure speedy redressal to all of our client's Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Recycling queries. |
Frequently Asked Questions
Construction and demolition (C&D) waste originates from the construction, remodelling, repair, and dismantling of various structures, including residential houses, substantial buildings, roads, bridges, piers, and dams.
Numerous building components have the potential for recycling, especially in areas with established markets. Materials like asphalt, concrete, and rubble frequently undergo recycling processes to be transformed into aggregate or used to create fresh asphalt and concrete products.
When waste is generated, the available disposal options encompass exporting it to a landfill, subjecting it to incineration, repurposing it directly on-site by incorporating it into construction or using it as fill material, and recycling it for a new purpose if such an option is feasible.
Recycled building materials refer to any materials sourced from a construction site that are repurposed for further use. This category encompasses a variety of items such as wood, bricks, insulation, plastics, glass, building blocks, wall coverings, and similar materials.
Construction and demolition waste is produced whenever there is any construction or demolition activity, including creating roads, bridges, flyovers, subways, and remodelling projects, among others.
Construction and Demolition (C&D) debris is a distinct waste category that is not classified as part of municipal solid waste (MSW).
C&D waste consists of a mixture of materials like wood, steel, concrete, gypsum, masonry, plaster, metal, and asphalt. What sets C&D waste apart is its potential to include hazardous substances like asbestos and lead.
C&D waste originates from activities like constructing, renovating, repairing, and demolishing residential houses, extensive building structures, roads, bridges, piers, and dams. This waste category encompasses materials such as wood, steel, concrete, gypsum, masonry, plaster, metal, and asphalt.
Demolition waste refers to the debris and discarded materials resulting from the dismantling or destruction of buildings, roads, bridges, and other structures.
Municipal solid waste is a combination of various types of waste, including household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste generated from streets and public areas.
