Overview of E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016

E-Waste (Management) Ruleswere enacted in Indiaon the 1^st of October 2016. The rules lay down the responsibilities of stakeholders like the manufacturer, producer, collection centres, dealers, refurbishers, consumers or bulk consumers, dismantlers, recyclers, state government and environment agencies. The rules also define various terms and introduce vital changes that were missing from the E-waste Handling Rules of 2011. The key responsibilities of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) and Pollution Control Committee(PCC) have also been defined.

The E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016, have been updated from time to time. The collection and recycling targets were also introduced for the producers/importers and brand owners (PIBOs)through the amendment in 2018. These rules,along with the Hazardous Waste (Management) Rules, 2016, also focus on the treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous waste.Furthermore, the rules have also elaborated the post-compliance for entities involved in the handling of e-waste.

Applicability of E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016

Compared to the E-waste (Handling) Rules of 2011 that covered only Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) in Schedule I, new rules introduced in 2016 extend to components, consumables, spares and parts of EEE and equipment. The likely implication was that the bulk of e-waste comprises components, consumables, spares and parts of EEE, which were not getting addressed in previous rules entailing the scope of the channelisation of hazardous e-waste to the informal sector.

The E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016, focussed on the scientific management of certain electronic items like Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and other mercury-containing lamps that contain hazardous and toxic components. This helped consider the lack of regulation for managing CFL and other mercury-containing lamps. CFL has been included in Schedule I of the E-waste Management Rules.

The exemption provided under E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016

The exemption to Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) obligation was given to the micro and small industry sector as defined in Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)Developmental Act, 2006. This continued in the 2016 rules. However, small enterprises, which are referred to as one of the major sources of e-waste, have been included in the rules for responsibility as manufacturers without burdening them with EPR responsibility as applicable to producers.

Collection mechanism under E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016

Earlier, the collection centre were set up by the producer or any person, agency, or association to collect e-waste. After the E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016, the collection was made the producer's responsibility. They can now set up a collection centre or point or arrange a take-back or buy-back mechanism. Also, in the 2011 version of the rules, separate authorisation from SPCBs for setting up such collection centres was necessary. But, now, the EPR plan of the producer indicates that collection means no separate authorisation.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) under E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016

Earlier, the producers were required to obtain authorisation from SPCB/PCCs for implementing their EPR. After the E-Waste Management Rules of 2016 came into effect, a single EPR Authorisation through CPCBwas introduced. EPR not only manages to make the producers responsible for the entire life cycle of the product, but it also underlines the collection and recycling targets for them. The roles and responsibilities of the ProducerResponsibility Organisation (PRO) have also been mentioned in the rules to ensure pan-India implementation of EPR for EEE products introduced by PIBOs.

Authorisation and licences that are mandatory under the E-waste Management Rules are therefore essential for any business related to manufacturing, sale, import, recycling and disposal of end-of-life EEE. Obtaining all licences can be time-consuming and hectic for entrepreneurs who want to focus on growing their businesses. Such businesses usually require expert assistance and guidance to fulfil their licencing and authorisation requirements and EPR obligations.

Licences and documents needed under theE-waste (Management) Rules, 2016

Business Registration: Registering an e-waste management business will give the unit the legal identity and obtain further licences and authorisation needed. Documents required for company registration are-

• PAN
• ID Proof (Aadhaarcard or Voter ID or passport or driver's license)
• Address proof

• Latest month's savings bank statement or telephone bill in his name or the latest mobile bill or electricity bill in his name

• Latest passport size photograph, email id, mobile numbers linked with Aadhaar
• Registered office address proof: latest electricity bill
• No-objection letter from the landlord
• Rental agreement from the landlord if the premises are rented
• Company email id

Consent NOC: Consent No Objection Certificate (NOC) is given to industrial facilities according to the CPCB's list. As the list is divided into three categories,i.e. red, yellow, green and white, the applicant must ensure which colour category their unit falls under and apply accordingly. Although consent NOC has been made mandatory under the Air and Water Act, it must be noted that the stakeholders managing electronic waste under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016 will also have to abide by the provisions of the Environment Protection Act, Air Act and the Water Act.

Documents required for the NOC include

• Duly filled application form of the concerned SPCB
• Signed undertaking
• Site plan
• Detailed project report
• Layout plan with details
• Details of finished products
• Rent/lease agreement
• Industry registration documents
• Consent fee (as applicable)
• Any other document specified in the application form

• Details of water pollution control/air pollution control devices and solid waste/hazardous waste management facilities provided (their location on the premises, capacity and exit points)
• Lab analysis report of the trade effluent and emissions
• Copy of any environmental clearance or other permission required from the state government
• Any other document specified in the CTO application form

Authorisation to store, dismantle or refurbish under the E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016

 The concerned SPCBsgrant authorisation to keep e-waste or hazardous components for dismantling. Such authorisation is provided to Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs). Similarly, dismantling and refurbishing activities need prior authorisation from concerned SPCBs/PCCs.

Documents required in this regard are -

• Prescribed application form
• Consent to Establish granted by the SPCB
• Registration certificate issued by District Industries Centre
• Proof of installation of Air Pollution Control Devices
• Proof of installed capacity and machinery issued by the DIC
• Process flow chart for dismantling e-waste
• Registration with authorised TSDF operator
• Details of effluent treatment mechanism

• Authority letter/Power of attorney

PRO Authorisation

Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO)is a specialised entity that can be hired to fulfil EPR obligations. The responsibilities and requirements for PRO authorisation through CPCB have been mentioned in E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016.

Documents required for PRO Authorisation 

A waste processor that wants to be registered as PRO needs to submit the following documents to CPCB along with the application -

• Name and address of the PRO
• Name and address of the authorised person
• Category of the waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) it will be handling
• Details of channel partners
• Capacity in terms of collection, storage, transportation, and the capacity of dismantlers and recyclers with whom it has an agreement
• PAN and GST number
• Details of organisational structure and process flow chart

• Details of collection mechanism, website, toll-free numbers

EPR Authorisation

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)Authorisation is needed by any entity that introduces EEE into the market and gains a profit in return. Therefore, apart from the PIBOs mentioned above, an importer or refurbisher importing used EEE will also need EPR Authorisation from CPCB and permission from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change(MoEF&CC).

The main documents required to obtain EPR Authorisation for e-waste management are as follows:

• GST certificate
• Importer Exporter Code (IEC)
• Ownership documents of the site (rent or lease proof)
• Memorandum of Association (MoA)
• Details of imported products like EEE code, quantity imported and so on
• Form 1 for EPR authorisation
• EPR plan copy of permission from relevant Ministry/department for selling their product
• Copy of agreement with dealers, collection centre, recyclers, treatment storage and disposal facilities
• Copy of trade licence issued by Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT)
• Self-declaration, including the importer's name and authorised person, brand name and contact details.

REGISTRATION PROCESS SECTION

Scope of E-waste Management Businesses

Electronic waste or e-waste has been one of the fastest-growing waste streams in India in the last decade. As this e-waste is a complex composition of more than 1000 elements, managing the end–of–life waste becomes quite essential. Broadly, the waste consists of ferrous and nonferrous metals, plastics, wood and plywood, printed circuit boards, concrete and ceramics, rubber and other items. The improper management of these wastes generates multi-dimensional concerns along various lines, with special mention of the environment and health.

Changes brought by the E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016

The e-waste, when left unregulated, released hazardous waste and leachates that were contaminating soil and, in turn affecting the groundwater table. It led down to the food chain, affecting animals and humans at different levels. In addition to that, the smoke after burning e-waste causes air pollution. The E-waste (Management & Handling) Rules of 2011 were created to deal with this comprehensively. E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016, later replaced it. For instance, apart from producers, dismantlers and recyclers of e-waste, these rules were expanded to the manufacturers, dealers, refurbishers and PROs. The changes to these rules aimed to address the problem of leakage of e-waste into the informal sector at all stages of channelisation.

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